Head trauma that causes an area of bleeding in the brain.Medications, such as certain pain relievers, antidepressants or smoking cessation therapies, that lower the seizure threshold.Low blood sodium (hyponatremia), which can happen with diuretic therapy.Flashing lights, moving patterns or other visual stimulants.High fever, which can be associated with an infection such as meningitis.Sometimes seizures may be caused or triggered by: But not every person who has a seizure has epilepsy. The most common cause of seizures is epilepsy. Some types of seizure disorders may be caused by genetic mutations. Anything that disrupts these communication pathways can lead to a seizure. Nerve cells (neurons) in the brain create, send and receive electrical impulses, which allow the brain's nerve cells to communicate. If you experience a seizure for the first time, seek medical advice.
You've injured yourself during the seizure.Breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops.The seizure lasts more than five minutes.Seek immediate medical help if any of the following occurs:
Tonic-clonic seizures, previously known as grand mal seizures, are the most dramatic type of epileptic seizure and can cause an abrupt loss of consciousness, body stiffening and shaking, and sometimes loss of bladder control or biting your tongue. Myoclonic seizures usually appear as sudden brief jerks or twitches of your arms and legs. These seizures usually affect the neck, face and arms on both sides of the body. Clonic seizures are associated with repeated or rhythmic, jerking muscle movements. Atonic seizures, also known as drop seizures, cause a loss of muscle control, which may cause you to suddenly collapse, fall down or drop your head. These seizures usually affect muscles in your back, arms and legs and may cause you to lose consciousness and fall to the ground. Tonic seizures cause stiffening of your muscles. These seizures may occur in clusters and cause a brief loss of awareness. They usually last for five to 10 seconds but may happen up to hundreds of times per day. Absence seizures, previously known as petit mal seizures, often occur in children and are characterized by staring into space or by subtle body movements, such as eye blinking or lip smacking. Different types of generalized seizures include: Seizures that appear to involve all areas of the brain are called generalized seizures. Symptoms of focal seizures may be confused with other neurological disorders, such as migraine, narcolepsy or mental illness. These seizures may also result in difficulty speaking, involuntary jerking of a body part, such as an arm or a leg, and spontaneous sensory symptoms such as tingling, dizziness and seeing flashing lights. Some people have nausea or unusual feelings that are difficult to describe. You may suddenly feel angry, joyful or sad. These seizures may alter emotions or change the way things look, smell, feel, taste or sound, but you don't lose consciousness.
You may not remember the seizure or even know that it occurred. These may include hand rubbing, mouth movements, repeating certain words or walking in circles. You may seem awake, but you stare into space and do not respond normally to your environment or you perform repetitive movements. These seizures involve a change or loss of consciousness or awareness that feels like being in a dream. Focal seizures with impaired awareness.Focal seizures can occur with or without loss of consciousness: Focal seizuresįocal seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in one area of your brain. Seizures may also be classified as unknown onset, if how the seizure began isn't known. Cognitive or emotional symptoms, such as fear, anxiety or deja vuĭoctors generally classify seizures as either focal or generalized, based on how and where abnormal brain activity begins.Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs.With a seizure, signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary depending on the type of seizure.
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